Industrial fuel oil serves a vital role in many sectors of our economy. This refined petroleum product is commonly used to produce power for industrial activities, spanning from manufacturing and construction to agriculture and energy production. The characteristics of industrial fuel oil permit it a effective choice for these demanding applicatio

Sputtering is a prominent technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, specifically, has emerged as a favorable method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with accurate thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, ejecting atoms that then